Ashok Gehlot, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Rajasthan

Personal

Known for his simplicity and adherence to Gandhian values, Shri Ashok Gehlot, son of Late Shri Lachman Singh Gehlot, was born on 3rd May 1951 in Jodhpur (Rajasthan). A Science and Law Graduate, Shri Gehlot holds a Post Graduate Degree in Economics. Married to Smt. Sunita Gehlot on 27th November 1977, he has a son (Vaibhav) and a daughter (Sonia). Magic and travelling are Shri Gehlot's favourite past time activities. Being a true son of the soil, Shri Gehlot does not believe in extravagance and wasteful expenditure. He meets people directly at regular interval to know their sufferings and grievances .

Political Profile

Active in politics and social service ever since his student life, Shri Gehlot was elected for the first time to the 7th Lok Sabha (1980-84) from Jodhpur Parliamentary Constituency in 1980. A leader with charisma Shri Gehlot has represented Jodhpur Parliamentary Constituency in the 8th Lok Sabha (1984-1989) 10th Lok Sabha (1991-1996), 11th Lok Sabha (1996-1998), and 12th Lok Sabha (1998-1999).

Elected from Sardarpura (Jodhpur) Assembly Constituency, he became member of the 11th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in Feb. 1999. A leader with mass appeal, Shri Gehlot was again elected from the same Assembly Constituency on 4.12.2003 for the 12th Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha and on 8.12.2008 for the 13th Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha.

Profile as the Union Minister

A true statesman with his vision focused on the overall development of the underprivileged, Shri Ashok Gehlot served in the Union Cabinet of late Smt. Indira Gandhi, late Shri Rajiv Gandhi and late Shri P.V. Narsimha Rao. He has served in the Union Cabinet three times. He remained Union Deputy Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation from 2nd September 1982 to 7th February 1984, when late Smt. Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India. Thereafter, he became the Dy. Minister of Sports. He served the Sports Ministry from 7th Feb. 1984 to 31st Oct. 1984 and again from 12th Nov. 1984 to 31st Dec. 1984. His transparent and meticulous style of working brought him laurels from great leaders like Late Smt. Indira Gandhi and Late Shri Rajiv Gandhi. He was elevated to the rank of State Minister. Shri Gehlot served as the Union Minister of State, Tourism and Civil Aviation from 31st Dec. 1984 to 26th Sept. 1985. Later, he was made the Union Minister of State, Textiles with Independent Charge -a portfolio held by the Prime Minister himself. Shri Gehlot held this portfolio from 21st June 1991 to 18th Jan. 1993.

Profile as Minister, Govt. of Rajasthan

Shri Gehlot served for a short period of time, as the Home and PHED Minister, Government of Rajasthan from June 1989 to November 1989.

AICC/CWC Profile

In view of Shri Gehlot's untiring endeavors to promote and propagate Congress party's ideology, he was made General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee on 17th July 2004. He held this post up to 18th February 2009. Being a devoted and dedicated worker of the Congress party, Shri Gehlot was made Member (Special Invitee), Congress Working Committee as well as In charge of Himachal Pradesh and Chattisgarh States. He held this responsibility from Jan. 2004 to July 2004.

Profile as RPCC Chief

Shri Ashok Gehlot became the President of Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee at the young age of 34. His first tenure as the RPCC Chief lasted from Sept. 1985 to June 1989. He became RPCC Chief the Second time on 1st December 1994 and held this post upto 14th April 1999.

Shri Gehlot strengthened the Youth wing of Congress party as the President of Rajasthan NSUI from 1973 to 1979. He served the City District Congress Committee, Jodhpur as its President from 1979 to 1982. Besides it, he was also the General Secretary of Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (I) in 1982.

Social

Always eager to serve the poor and the downtrodden, Shri Gehlot worked in the refugee camps at Bangaon and 24 Parganas districts (WB) during the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971. Inspired by his keen interest in Social service, Shri Gehlot rendered his services for the development of slums and jhuggi areas and actively took part in camps organized by Tarun Shanti Sena at Sevagram, Wardha, Aurangabad, Indore and several places. He contributed to the extension of adult education through Nehru Yuva Kendra. He has been actively associated with Kumar Sahitya Parishad as well as Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Book Bank, Jodhpur.

Shri Gehlot is the founder president of Bharat Seva Sansthan . Dedicated to the social service, the Sansthan arranges for ambulance services and free books for the poor students through Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Book Bank. The Sansthan has established a reading room in Jodhpur at Shri Rajiv Gandhi Seva Sadan.

Sh. Gehlot is also the Chairman of Rajiv Gandhi Study Circle, New Delhi which caters to the interests of university/ college students and teachers across the country.

Places visited

Shri Gehlot has represented India abroad as the Member of various Indian delegations. He visited China in January 1994 as Member of the AICC delegation. He was leader of Indian delegation to Commonwealth Youth Affairs Council that visited Cyprus. He also led the Indian delegation to Bulgaria. He visited various countries including Bangkok, Ireland, Frankfurt, USA (as Member of Indian delegation to UNO and for RIC convention), Canada, Hongkong, UK, Italy, Dubai, France. These visits gave him vast exposure to International relations and developmental works of these countries.

Membership held

Shri Ashok Gehlot has always considered himself as the trustee of public funds and property. He had been member of the Public Accounts Committee (Lok Sabha) from 1980 to 1982. He was also Member of the Consultative Committee on Communication (10th Lok Sabha). He served as Member, Standing Committee on Railways (10th and 11th Lok Sabha) besides being member of the Consultative Committee on External Affairs (11th Lok Sabha).

Profile as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan

Shri Ashok Gehlot's first tenure of Chief Ministership (1-12-1998 to 8-12-2003) was remarkable, among other things, for unprecedented drought management, power generation, infrastructure development, employment generation, industrial and tourism promotion, financial management and good governance.

During his first tenure the state of Rajasthan suffered worst famine of the century. He manage the famine relief works quite efficiently. Famine affected people stocked more wheat with them than they could get from their crops. Even the opposition could not raise a finger for non-availability of food grain or fodder as he personally monitored the famine relief operations. Empathizing with the poor and their sufferings is what Shri Gehlot is known for.

His slogan "Save Water, Save Electricity, Educate all" was hailed by all and sundry in Rajasthan.

Shri Ashok Gehlot has been sworn-in as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan for the second time on 13th December 2008.

he Governor of Rajasthan Shri Shivraj V Patil

Name Shri Shivraj V Patil
Father’s Name Late Shri Vishwanath Patil
Date of Birth 4th March 1935
Permanent Address “ Deoghar” Sabdhawana Nagar, Latur-413512 (Maharashtra)
Place of Birth
Chakur,Dist-Latur,Maharashtra
Official Residence 4, Janpath Road, New Delhi-110011


Punjab Raj Bhavan, Sector-6, Chandigarh.
Marital Status Married in June 1963
Wife Late Smt. Vijaya Patil
Children One Son and One Daughter
Profession Advocate, Agriculturist and Hony, Prof of Law
Positions Held


1967-1972

President Municipal Corporation, Latur,
1970-1972

Professor of Law, Aurangabad and Latur
1972-1979

Member Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
1974-1975

Chairman, Public Undertaking Committee, Maharashtra
1975-1976

Depurty Minister Law and Judiciary, Irrigation and Protocol, Maharashtra
Jul 05 ,1977 to Mar 13,1978

Deputy Speaker Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
Mar17,1978 to Dec 06,1979

Speaker, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
Jan 3, 1980

Elected to Lok Sabha from Latur Parliamentary constituency
Sep 7, 1980

Member Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament
Sept 8,1980 to Oct 18, 1980

Chairman Joint, Committee on Salaries and Allowance of Member Parliament
Oct 19,1980 to Jan 14, 1982

Union Minister of State for Defence
Jan 15,1982 to Jan 29, 1983

Minister of State for Commerce Independent Charge
Jan 29,1983 to Dec 1984

Minister of State for Science & Technology, Atomic Energy, Electronics, Space


& Ocean Development
Oct 21,1983 to Dec 31, 1984

Vice President, C.S.I.R.
Dec 24,1984

Elected to Lok Sabha for the Second time
Dec 31,1984 to Oct 21, 1986

Minister of State for Science & Technology, Atomic Energy, electronics, space &


Ocean Development, Bio- Technology Vice President, C.S.I.R.
Oct 22,1986 to Jun 24, 1988

Minister of State for Defence Productions & Supplies
Jun 25,1988 to Dec 02, 1989

Minister of State for Civil Aviation & Tourism (Independent Charge)
Nov 24,1989

Elected to Lok Sabha for the third time
Mar 19,1990 to Mar 13, 1991

Deputy Speaker of 9 th Lok Sabha till dissolution
Jun 16,1991

Elected to Lok Sabha for the fourth time
July 10,1991

Unanimously elected speaker of 10 th Lok Sabha
1992

President, National Press , India
1996

Elected Lok Sabha for the fifth time
1997

Award Anuvarat Award by Tulsi foundation
1998

Elected Lok Sabha for Sixth time
1998

Honored – Doctorate by Marathwada Agriculture University
1999

Elected Lok Sabha for the Seventh time
2001

Finance Committee Chairman, Lok Sabha
2002

AICC Working Committee Member
2002

Deputy Leader, Congress Party, Lok Sabha
2003

Chancellor, Tilak Maharashtra University , Pune
May 25, 2004

Home Minister, Union Government
Jun 21, 2004

Elected for Rajaya Sabha
Jan 22, 2010

Took Oath as Governor of Punjab



Favourite Pastime

Reading & Recreation



Sports

Swimming, Shooting and Horse Riding



Countries Visited

Bahamas, Canada, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, North Korea, Panama, Poland, Soviet Union, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, USA, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Australia, Egypt, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, Netherlands, Ireland, Magnolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan.



Publications

42 Second Amendment of Indian Constitution


Reminiscence and Reflection-1995


Translated in Marathi Language as संस्मरण अणि चिंतन


Emergency Vision of India-1996


Ecstacy and Agony of the Presiding Officer-1998


Fragrance of the Innerself (Poetry)


Dialogues-2004

Rajasthan Lok Devta Goga Ji

Gogaji (गोगाजी) also known as Gugga is a folk deity of Rajasthan state in India. He is an eminent warrior-hero of the region. Hindus and Muslims alike honor him. He is also venerated as a saint and even as 'snake-god'. He is known as Goga among the Hindus and Jahar Peer among the Muslims. The Kaimkhani Muslims claim descent from him and regard him as a peer (saint). Gogaji is popular as a snake-god and almost every village in Rajasthan has a Than (sacred place) dedicated to him.Rabari community in Gujarat and Rajasthan is great believer in Gogaji.
A grand fair is held at Gogamedi, which is 359 km from Jaipur, in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan in August in memory of Gogaji. It is believed that Gogaji went into samādhi at Gogamedi. Thousands of devotees gather to pay homage at this memorial annually in the month of Bhadrapada during the Gogaji fair, which lasts for 3 days.The fair is held from the ninth day of the dark half of Bhadrapada (Goga Navami) to the eleventh day of the dark half of the same month. The inscription in Persian at the main entrance describes Mahmud of Ghazni's regard for Gogaji. It is quite a sight to see people singing and dancing to the beats of drums and gongs with multicolored flags called 'nishans' in their hands.

Early days of Gogaji were spent at village Dadrewa, situated on Hissar-Bikaner Highway in the Churu district. He was a Chauhan Rajput and were rulers of this area during that period - around 900 AD. A fair is simultaneously held here too in his memory.
File:Goga maharaj wp.jpg
Goga Maharaj This file has an uncertain copyright status and may be deleted. You can comment on its removal.

Gogaji was born by the blessing of Guru gorkhnath ji.The mother of Gogaji,Rani Bachal worship her guru Gorkhnath for 12 years for a child. The Gogaji's wife name was Siriyal and his father was Raja Jewar Singh of Bhagar Desh.

There is another popular story behind the 12-year worship of the mother of Jahar Peer (Bachal).

Even as she was worshiping Guru Gorakhnath, she had a twin-sister Rani Kachal who decided to usurp the blessings from Guru Gorakhnath. In the middle of night, she wore the clothes of her sister and deceived the Guru into giving her the blessing fruit. When Rani Bachal came to know of it, she came running after Guru Gorakhnath and said that she had not received anything. To which, Guruji replied that he had already given his blessings and said she was trying to deceive him. After much persistence from Rani Bachal, the Guru relented and gave him to Gugal candies (Gugal is a herb which is prescribed even till today under Ayurveda to treat people of infertility), and hence the name Gugaji. She distributed these candies in the entire village, including the mare who was pregnant at that time. The horse born from that mare eventually became the 'Blue Horse' that Gugaji rode. when Guru Gorkhnath gave the blessing the rani Bachal he told that your son will be so powerful and he will rule on both the sons of Rani Kachal. Goga ji have the company of his blue horse Nar Singh Peer and bohri wala. At last he kill the both sons of Rani Kachal and informed his mother. Goga ji mother was get very angry and instructed not to show his face. At every evening he was meeting to his Rani. One day his mother came to know that goga ji coming daily at home in night time. He follow him and appolige but goga ji can not show his face to her mother. His mother running after him and goga ji soughted for help from Guru gorkhnath, guru ji what I do, then gorkhnath through his Chimta from Gorkhtilla and land get slide then gogaji with his horse take samdhi. He have read the calma other he can not take samadhi that why he is peer for Muslim. Goga ji mother and rani also take samadhi near that. Goga ji samadhi is in angle not straight.

Rajasthan Lok Devta Shri Ramdev

History of Shri Ramdev Temple, Ramdev
Shri Randevji is believed to have been incarnated on earth for the welfare of humanity and was born in the houses of Ajmalji in the Tomar Rajput family. He had some innate divine powers. Since childhood, he performed many miracles and won the hearts of the people. He is also believed to have killed a demon called Bhairav. Ramdevji chose Ramadevra as the place where he attained a Samadhj and went into a divine state of meditation. Nevertheless many people claim to have seen him on horse-back. The present cenotaph was constructed by Maharaja Shri Ganga
Singhji of Bikaner at Shri Ramdevra Runecha.
Description of Shri Ramdev Temple, Ramdev
Fairs are held here twice a year when people flock to the temple and chant the glory of Ramsa Pir, so that their prayers may be answered. Many cultural events are also organized during this fair.

black deer in rajasthan

Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), Krishna Mrigam is a species of antelope found mainly in India, and also in some parts of southern Nepal, and Pakistan, though it has also been introduced in Texas and Argentina. It is one of the fastest of all terrestrial animals reaching to speeds of up to 80 km/hr and is one of the few antelopes where males and females have distinctive coloration, as the male bucks are a distinctive black and white and have long twisted horns, while females are fawn coloured with no horns [2]. In its scientific name Antilope cervicapra, 'Antilope' from 'anthalops' (Greek) a horned animal; 'cervicapra' from 'cervus' (Latin) a deer and 'capra' (Latin) a she-goat [3].

The blackbuck, is the provincial animal of India it is known as Krishna Mriga in Kannada and Krishna Jinka in the Telugu language, has been declared the state animal of Andhra Pradesh. Other local names for the species include Kala Hiran, Sasin, Iralai Maan, and Kalveet in Marathi [4]. It is often simply called Indian antelope though this term might also be used for other Antilopinae from the region.

The skin of Krishna Mrigam plays an important role in Hinduism, and Brahmin boys are traditionally required to wear a strip of unleathered hide after performing Upanayanam. It used to be one of the most abundant hoofed mammal in the Indian subcontinent, so much so that as late as early 1900s, naturalist Richard Lydekker mentions herds of hundreds in his writings, though today only small herds are seen that too inside reserves, chief reason of their decline being excessive hunting [2]. Till Indian independence in 1947, many princely states used to hunt the Indian Antelope and gazelle with cheetahs, which became extinct in 1960s. Though the royal sport had ended, growing cultivation saw it as crop-raider, further leading to its decline. Eventually, when in the 1970s several areas reported their extinction, it was enlisted as a protected animal under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972

Like most wild animals, the Blackbuck is in principle protected in India by the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

Its protected status has gained publicity through a widely reported court case in which one of India's leading film stars, Salman Khan, was sentenced to five years imprisonment for killing two black bucks and several endangered chinkaras. The arrest was prompted by intense protests from the Bishnoi ethnic group, which holds animals and trees sacred, and on whose land the hunting had taken place.

In another notorious incident of criminal poaching, Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi also killed a Blackbuck -[1], and then absconded as a fugitive. He finally surrendered only when the case was transferred from the criminal court to a Special Environment court, where he would face lighter sentencing.The Founder Chairman PFA Haryana Naresh Kadyan, whistle blower in this case -[2] also booked by Jhajjar Police for no reasons but he moved public interest litigation before High Court, Chandigarh and get transferred this case from Jhajjar to Faridabad.

Shekhawati

Shekhawati (Hindi: शेखावाटी, IAST: Śekhāwāṭī) is a semi-arid historical region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India.

It encompasses the administrative districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar. From the administrative and geographical point of view Shekhawati is limited to Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts only. It is bounded on the northwest by Jangladesh region, on the northeast by Haryana, on the east by Mewat, on the southeast by Dhundhar, on the south by Ajmer, on the southwest by Marwar regions. However, some parts of Churu and Nagaur districts are also considered in the Shekawati region.

Its area is 13784 square kilometers.. The inhabitants of Shekhawati are considered brave, sacrificing and hard working people. The region provides the highest number of persons to the Indian Army. The region of Shekhawati is also known as Scotland of India because of its brave, sacrificing and painstaking Rajput people.


Etymology of Shekhawati

Shekhawati was first mentioned in the book 'Bankidas ki khyat'. Contemporary of Bankidas was Col. W.S.Gardener, who used the word Shekhawati in the year 1803. Later Col James Tod wrote the first history of Shekhawati. The term Shekhawati was used frequently in 'vamsh bhaskar'. This suggests that the term Shekhawaticame in use about two and half centuries ago.

Shekhawati derives its name from the Rajput Kachhwaha chieftain Rao Shekha Ji. The descendants of Rao Shekha Ji, the ruling clan is called Shekhawat. The story of Shekha's birth is interesting to understand the origin of Shekhawati. Mokal Ji and his wife were troubled as they had no son for several years. They heard about the miraculous powers of the Sheikh Burhan, a Muslim saint and decided to visit him. After they received the Sheikh's blessing a son was born to the couple. In honour of the mendicant, the couple named their son Shekha.[citation needed]

Shekhawati means Garden of Shekha or Land of Shekhawat Rulers.

About origin of word Shekhawati Hakim Yusuf Jhunjhunuvi gives another view. According to him Shekhawati derives its name from Persian language word 'Sheekh' which means 'Sand deposited on the coastal area of sea'. This indicates that this area has been inundated with seawater long back and converted to sand dunes over thousands of years It is not clear when these seas dried up and receded but the desert was created due to the receding of the sea.

Millions of years ago this land was inundated with sea water.; fossils found in the area confirm that is was once a covered by seawater. Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha believed that the desert area of Rajasthan was earlier an ocean but due to earthquakes and other climatic reasons the seabed rose and the water receded southwards leaving behind a sand mass, which later came to be known as marukantar. The presence of shells, conch etc found in stone form in this area is clear evidence that this was a sea earlier.
Geography
Shekhawati region of Rajasthan

Shekhawati in a desert area of Rajasthan and has special importance in the history of India.

The natural climatic conditions in the region are very harsh and extreme. The temperature ranges from sub-zero Celsius in winter to more than 50°C in summer. The summer brings hot waves of air called loo. Annual rainfall is very low, around 450 to 600 mm. The ground water is as deep as 200 feet (60 m), and in places water is hard and salty. The people in the region depend on rainwater harvesting. The July and August rainwater is stored in pucca tanks and used throughout the year for drinking purposes. Bawdis and johads are traditionally constructed for storing water received from rainfall in this arid region of Rajasthan. The bawdi is constructed in such a design that it gets narrower as we go down. The water stored in it is very cool and used for drinking purposes. On average every third year is dry and every eighth year the region experiences famine. The famine of 1899 is considered to have been the most severe. During famine years it becomes very difficult for animals to survive and the cattle population declines drastically.

Shekhawati Dialect


Shekhawati is a dialect of the Rajasthani language and is spoken by about three million speakers in Churu, Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts of Rajasthan. Though a very important dialect from the grammatical and literary points of view, yet very little work is carried out on it. In 2001 A descriptive grammar of Shekhawati has been published.[14] Shekhawati, like Bagri dialect of Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts, has parallel lexicon which make it very rich from the lexicographical point of view. Word order is typical SOV and there is existence of implosives. Beside presence of high tone at suprasegmental level classify it with other dialects of Rajasthani. It has contributed a lot to the development of Rajasthani language and linguistics.

Some samples in Shekhawati are:

* Kai Hoyo? कै होयो? = What happened ?
* The Kai kar rieya ho? थे कै कर रिया हो?= what are you doing ?
* Ma Thane ghano samman desyu. मैं थाने घणो सम्मान देस्यु = I will give you big respect.
* The sidh ja riya ho? थे सिद्ध जा रिया हो?= Where are you going?

the kye kha rahiya ho
[edit] History
[edit] Ancient history
Main article: Matsya Kingdom

Many historians have considered this region included in the Matsya Kingdom. Rigveda also provides certain evidences in this matter.[15][16] Manusmriti has called this land as 'brahmrishi desha'.[17]

Shekhawati region was included in 'marukantar desha' up to Ramayana period. Out of 16 mahajanapadas prior to Buddha, only two janapadas, namely Avanti and the Kingdom of Virata were counted in Rajasthan area. This region was also influenced by Avanti but later on Nandas of Magadha defeated Avanti. Historians believe that Mauryas obtained the Rajasthan from Nandas.[18]

In ancient times Shekhawati was not limited to the present two districts. During the Mahabharata period it was known as Matsya Kingdom and extended to the Saraswati River. This was because the first clan ruling this region, in the Mahabharata period, were descendants of fishermen. So the Vedas were supposed to be written and compiled on this very land.[19][20] During ancient times this region was divided into several janapadas. Every janapada was a free republic state. The development of janapadas in Rajasthan started with habitation of Aryan.[21]

The northern part of Rajasthan was known as Jangladesh (Bikaner and Nagaur) during Mahabharata period.[22] and eastern part Jaipur-Alwar were called the Matsya Kingdom. Pandavas had spent one year of their vanishment in this Kingdom of Virata as their abode, to live in anonymity, after the expiry of their twelve-year long forest life.[23] According to Vimal Charanlal, this Kingdom of Virata extended from Jhunjhunu to Kotkasim 109 km in the north, Jhunjhunu to Ajmer 184 km in the west, Ajmer to Banas and up to confluence of Chambal River 229 km in the south. The capital of this Kingdom of Virata was Bairat.[24][25]

After the collapse of Gupta dynasty, Shekhawati's some parts like Jhunjhunu, Fatehpur, Narhar were controlled by the Kaimkhanis, until they were defeated by Shekhawat Rajputs.

Kaimkhani is a branch emerged from Chauhans. The first progenitor of Kaimkhanis was Karamchand, born in the family of Moterao of Chauhan clan, the ruler of Dadrewa. Firuz Shah Tughluq converted him to Islam and named him Kaimkhan. Thus his descendants were called Kaimkhani.
[edit] Shekhawat Rule
Bawdi in Fatehpur
Laxmangarh fort of Sikar

Shekhawati was established by Shekhawat Rajputs and it was ruled by them till India's Independence.

Rao Shekha Ji from Dhundhar established his own independent kingdom with the capital at Amarsar; he was the first independent Ruler. After him Rao Raimal, Rao Suja and Rao Lunkaran become the rulers of Amarsar. Rao Manohar succeeded his father Rao Lunkaran and founded Manoharpur later renamed Shahpura (The present ruler of Shahpura is the Tikai of Shekhawat subclan). Shekhawats conquered the Jhunjhunu, Fatehpur, Narhar of Kaimkhanis and established their rule on them.

Shekhawati was the largest Nizamat of Jaipur State, almost the whole of which is occupied by Shekhawats. The Shekhawat chieftains of the region retained a nominal loyalty to the Kachwaha Rajput's capital state of Jaipur, who in turn honoured them with the hereditary title of Tazimi Sirdars. The Rulers of the Shekhawati's Thikanas were the Shekhawat sub clan of Kachwaha Dynasty of Jaipur Princely State. Shekhawats was the most prominent among all the Kachawas of Jaipur.[citation needed] Col. J.C. Brooke in his book Political History of India wrote that for the recruitment of Horse-army there is no region in India at par with Shekhawati.
[edit] Thikanas of Shekhawati
Main article: Thikanas of Shekhawati

Shekhawats were brave Rajputs; they established many Thikanas, towns and villages in Shekhawati and built many Forts, Castles, palaces and Havelis.

* Rao Suja's younger son Rajah Raisal was the brave king; he conquered Khandela from Nirbans and succeeded as the Raja Sahib of Khandela. He had 12 sons among them 5 were died in battle. His seventh son Raja Girdhar succeeded as the Rajah of Khandela and his descendents are known as Girdhar Ji Ka Shekhawats.
* Raja Raisal's elder son was Thakur Lal Singh, he was granted Khachariawas Thikana and his son Kesari Singh founded Khatu. As Akbar called Lal Singh Lad Khan, this name become famous, and his descendants are known as Ladkhani.
* Raja Raisal's third son Rao Tirmal was the ancestor of "Rao Ji Ka" Sept of Shekhawats. He was granted the parganas of Nagore and Kasli (with 84 villages). Rao Daulat Singh son of Rao Jaswant Singh of Kasli, founded Sikar in 1687.
* Raja Raisal's fifth son Rao Bhojraj was brave and a generous person; he received the Udaipurwati as his Jagir by his father. He was the ruler of Udaipurwati (The group of 45 villages of Udaipurwati was known as Pentalisa) and he was ancestor of the Bhojraj Ji Ka sept of Shekhawats. Descendants of Rao Bhojraj founded many Thikanas and ruled over them. Pentalisa was composed of Jhajhar, Gudha, Khirod, etc.
* Thakur Shardul Singh, a descendant of Rao Bhojraj Ji, conquered the Jhunjhunu in 1730 from the Kayamkhani Nawabs. Thakur Shardul Singh had six sons, namely, Thakur Jorawar Singh, Thakur Kishan Singh, Kunwar Bahadur Singh (died in his Kunwarpadi), Thakur Akhe Singh, Thakur Nawal singh Bahadur and Thakur Kesari Singh. Unfortunately, Bahadur Singh had expired in an early age. Later on Thakur Shardul Singh's estate was divided into five equal shares among his five sons. These five shares were known as Panchpana. It was a second territory, ruled by Bhojraj Ji Ka. Panchpana was composed of the Thikanas of Khetri, Bissau, Mukandgarh, Nawalgarh, Dundlod, Mandawa, Taen, Mahansar, Alsisar, Malsisar, Mandrella, Arooka, Chowkari, Hirwa, Sigra, Surajgarh, etc. Akhe Singh died without issue, so his share was given to the other brothers. Thakur Shardul Singh's sons and their descendants founded many new well planned and prosperous Thikanas.[citation needed]

Many Thikanas had their own flags and emblems. Shekhawats ruled over the largest number of Thikanas in Jaipur Rajwara..[26]

In the 19th century Sikar was the largest and wealthiest Thikana and the Khetri was the second wealthiest Thikana of Jaipur State.[citation needed]
[edit] Culture, heritage and tourism
[edit] Architecture

Shekhawats built many magnificent forts in their Thikanas. Every Thikana in Shekhawati was the site of a Fort and Shekhawati was richest and the most eventful place, thus Shekhawati has more than 50 forts and Palaces built by Shekhawat Rajas. Many of them are hotels today.

* Castle Mandawa (Mandawa Fort), built by Thakur Nawal Singh Bahadur in 1755. The legendary Castle Mandawa takes you back to the grandeur of its royal past. In the zenana or women's quarters, various rooms offer different flavor. One room has antique murals, another has a marble fountain, while the turret room boasts of walls that are 7 feet (2.1 m) thick. Diwankhana, the formal drawing room is decorated with family portraits and an array of antique Armour.
* Dundlod Fort, dates back to 1750 AD. Steps lead up to the Diwan Khana furnished with portraits, hangings and period furniture. It also houses a library and portraits done in the European style.
* Roop Niwas Kothi (Palace)was established as a large country house by Rawal Madan Singh (former ruler of Nawalgarh). Popularly known as "Rawal Sab Ki Kothi" in Nawalgarh. It sits on over 100 acres (0.40 km2) lovingly Royal Residence. The facade is painted in charming ochre that lends it dignity. The hotel organises horse safaris. Stables at the back. Watch them early in the morning when they exercise. Nawalgarh is a beautiful city.
* Mukundgarh Fort, this magnificent fort built by Thakur Mukund Singh Ji, he established Mukundgarh in 1859 the fort was built in a traditional style, spreads over 2 acres (8,100 m2) of land. It has several courtyards, overhanging balconies, arched windows and corridors displaying the richness, diversity and tradition of Shekhawati wall paintings.
* Narain Niwas Castle (Mahansar Fort), built in 1768 by Thakur Nahar Singh, with an imposing entrance, and reached by flight of stairs it also has its richest horde of wall paintings.
* Alsisar Mahal (Alsisar Fort), Alsisar Mahal, a battle hardened fort, was the residence of the Thakur of Alsisar
* Dera Danta Kila (Danta Fort), two fortresses straddle the hills, their foundations laid in 1702 to house the army, the stables, and the royal residence of Thakur Amar Singh
* Castle Pachar
* Surajgarh Fort
* Arooka Castle

[edit] Havelis, Temples and frescos
This temple built by Shekhawat ruler of Nawalgarh
Shekhawati painted houses.

In Shekhawati first of all, Frescoes were introduced by Shekhawat Rajputs in their Forts n Palaces. The towns of Shekhawati region are known for their painted havelis. This region has been recognised as the "open art gallery of Rajasthan" having the largest concentration of frescos in the world.

The Marwaris from Marwar was the influential business community in the Shekhawati region, and they prospered until the beginning of the 19th century, because of the caravan routes that crossed the area to reach the ports of Gujarat. But from 1820 onwards, many left their families behind and migrated to Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, which were gaining importance as main trade centers. There they had great financial success. The descendants of these rich merchants have permanently settled down in the towns where their ancestors immigrated. The Shekhawati region has produced large number of Marwaris who are controlling the economy of India. About 80 percent of big industrial houses are managed by Marwaris. India's richest industrialists of the century, such as the Birlas and Dalmia, are Marwaris. Today, the main trading and industrial houses of India have their roots in Shekhawati.

Between 1830 and 1930, they erected buildings in their homeland, Shekhawati, as evidence of their success. As the ultimate symbol of their opulence, the Marwaris commissioned artists to paint those buildings.

Most of the buildings of the Shekhawati region were constructed from 18th century to the early 20th century. During the British occupation, traders adapted this style for their buildings.[27] The havelis are noted for their frescos depicting mythological and historical themes. The frescos include images of gods, goddesses, animals, life history of Lords Rama and Krishna, profusely painted on the havelis in this region.

Marwaris have played an important role in the development of Shekhawati region. Their major contribution to the Shekhawati region is in the field of education. Marwaris have also played a leading role in Indian Independence Movement. They provided financial help in running the freedom movement.

Some of the famous Marwari industrial houses are as follows: Bagari, Bajaj, Birla, Chandgothia, Dalmia, Didwania, Ganeriwal, Goyanka, Jaipuria, Jaju, Jalan, Jhujhunuwala, Kanoria, Khetan, Kothari, Lohia, Mittal, Modi, Murarka, Parasrampuria, Poddar, Ruia, Rungta, Singhania, Agrawal/Agarwal, Sarda/ Sharda, Sanghi, Somani, Sudrania, Surana, Dujodwala,
[edit] Tourism attractions

* Forts & Castles
* Horse Safaris
o Shekhawati Horse Brigade, Nawalgarh
o Dundlod cavalry, Dundlod
* The Heritage on Wheels, a luxury tourist train on meter gauge, takes you to the lesser known and colourful area of Shekhawati Region. Heritage on Wheels is a luxury train in Rajasthan by RTDC and Indian Railways.
* Havelis
* Fairs and Fastivals
o Gangaur
o Dussehra
o Teej
o Holi, Shekhawati's holi is famous in Rajasthan.

Haveli Hotel

Hotel Ramgarh Fresco The Ramgarh Fresco, formerly known as the Khemka Haveli, has been renovated and converted into a boutique hotel. The haveli is profusely covered with frescoes. The paintings are truly captivating and at the same time offer a bizarre variety. It has 14 rooms, ranging from a cosy single room to opulent suites. The rooms are spread interestingly across the property. Candlelight rooftop dinners with Rajasthani cuisine and a café offering Indian and continental dishes; an internet café and a massage parlour are among the facilities available. The hotel is conveniently located at walking distance from the town’s various attractions. More information is available at www.ramgarhfresco.com
[edit] Towns and cities of Shekhawati

Villages and towns of Shekhawati are most developing places of Rajasthan. The major towns and cities of the Shekhawati region are as follows(alphabetical order):

* Bairas
* Baggar
* Bissau, Rajasthan
* Chirawa
* Churu
* Danta Ramgarh
* Dundlod
* Fatehpur
* Jhunjhunu
* Hardia
* Khandela
* Khatushyamji
* Khetri
* Laxmangarh
* Mahansar
* Mandawa
* Mukungarh
* Nawalgarh
* Neem ka thana
* Pilani
* Ramgarh
* Salasar Balaji
* Sujangarh
* Shri Madhopur
* Sikar
* Surajgarh
* Chhapar
* Buhana

* Some famous villages
o In Jhunjhunu district- Gudhagorji, Jhajhar, Chirana, Khirod, Sultana, Jakhal, Gura, Paunkh, Keharpura Kalan, Alsisar, Malsisar, Taen, Parasrampura, {{Jejusar]] etc
o In Sikar district- Khandela, Birodi, Divrala, Mehroli, Khoor, Bhagatpura, Harsh etc.
o In Churu district- Sandwa, Salasar, Kanuta,Taranagar(previously known as reynni)

[edit] Feudalism in Shekhawati

The feudalism functioned as an over-riding politico-administrative, social and economic formation undermining even the institution of caste. The feudal mode of social relations as a dominant force guided everyday life of the people of Shekhawati region in Rajasthan. One could trace some continuity of the past social formation in eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal in the form of 'semi-feudalism' as characterised by some scholars, but such a situation is not traceable in the present day Rajasthan which was a prominent stronghold of feudalism prior to independence.[28]

Today a remarkable discontinuity in distributive processes and social relations, simultaneous occurrence of the processes of upward and downward social mobility and a self-perpetuating process of social transformation could be witnessed in the Shekhawati region.[29]
[edit] Farmers of Shekhawati

The Marwaris dominate the cities and towns of Shekhawati region. The rural areas of the Shekhawati region are dominated by farming communities. The farmers of the Shekhawati region are considered to be the most advanced in the state of Rajasthan, second only to farmers from Shri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts.[citation needed] The Shekhawati region has the highest literacy in the state.[30]

The predominant farmer communities in the rural areas of Shekhawati are the Jats: they comprise the largest single caste in the state (9 per cent), and were, in the 1930s and even earlier, the most self-conscious and prosperous among the peasant castes. In 1935 their claims to certain privileges led to a series of clashes between them and the Rajputs, who resisted their attempts to revise accepted signs of status.[31] The Rajput community who were the jagirdars before independence still play very important role in society. The Brahmans and Dalits also play an important role in the area. The farmers of the region have done great struggle to come to the present status.

Before independence, the farmers of the Shekhawati region were exploited and oppressed by the Jagirdars during British Raj. During that time, Jagirdars would burden farmers, known as Kisans, with various taxes, a large part of which was to be paid to the British government.[32

History of Rajasthan

Rājasthān (Devanagari:राजस्थान), pronounced [raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn] ( listen)) is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. The state borders Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers an area of 132,150 sq mi or 342,239 km². The proportion of the state's total area to the total area of the country is 10.41 per cent.

Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga, which are the oldest in the subcontinent discovered so far.

One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, as well as Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, once famous for its bird life.

Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when all erstwhile princely states ruled by Rajputs, known as Rajputana, merged into the Dominion of India.Historian R. C. Majumdar explained that the region was long known as Gurjaratra (Country protected by the Gurjars or Gurjar nation), early form of Gujarat, before it came to be called Rajputana, early in the Muslim period.[1] The historian John Keay in his book, India: A History stated that, Rajputana name was given by Britishers and The word even achieved a retrospective authenticity, in 1829 translation of Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, John Briggs discarded the pharse Indian princes, as rendered in Dow's earlier version, and substituted Rajpoot princes.[2]

The only difference between erstwhile Rajputana and Rajasthan is that certain portions of what had been British India, in the former province of Ajmer-Merwara, were included. Portions lying geographically outside of Rajputana such as the Sumel-Tappa area were included in Madhya Pradesh


History of Rajasthan


The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's first and oldest civilizations, was located in parts of what is now Rajasthan. Kalibangan in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization.[3] Traditionally the, Rajputs, Yadavs, Jats, Bhils, Gujjars, Meenas, Bishnois and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions[4] of them were martyred trying to protect their land. Gujjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Bhils once ruled Kota and Bundi. Bargujars ruled in Alwar, Jodhpur and Ajmer areas.[4] Bargurjars and Meenas were rulers of Dhundhar region, Bundi.

The earlier contributions of warriors and protectors of the land (Vishnoi, Bargurjars, Jats, Bhils, Gujjars and Meenas) were neglected and lost in history due to stories of valour shown by certain specific clans in later years graining more prominence over older acts of bravery.[5] Rajasthan means the Land of the Kings. Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises mainly the erstwhile Rajput kingdoms as well as two Jat kingdoms and a Muslim kingdom. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Udaipur), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput states. The Jats were rulers in Bharatpur and Dholpur. Tonk was ruled by a Muslim Nawab. Rajput families rose to prominence in the 6th century CE. The Rajputs put a very valiant resistance to the Islamic invasions and protected this land with their warfare and chivalry for more than 500 years. They also resisted Mughal incursions into India, but contributed to the slower than anticipated access to the Indian Subcontinent. Later the Mughals, with a technique based on a combination of treachery and skilled warfare were able to set firm a grip on northern India, including Rajasthan. The fighter spirit and valour of Rajputs impressed the Mughals to such an extent that even after defeating the Rajputs, the Mughals held their valour and value in the highest esteem. Mewar led other kingdoms in its resistance to outside rule. Most notably Rana Sanga fought the Battle of Khanua against Babur, the founder of the Mughal empire.

Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu Emperor, also known as Hemu in the History of India was born in the village of Machheri in Alwar District in the year 1501. He had won 22 battles against Afghans, from Punjab to Bengal and had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and Delhi in 1556,[6] before acceeding to the throne of Delhi and establishing 'Hindu Raj' in North India, albeit for a short duration, from Purana Quila in Delhi. He was killed in the Second Battle of Panipat.

Maharana Pratap of Mewar resisted Akbar in the famous Battle of Haldighati and later operated from hilly areas of his kingdom. Bhils were Maharana's main allies during these wars. Most of these attacks were evenly met as the Mughal forces outnumbered Mewar Rajputs in all the wars fought between them. The Haldighati war was fought between 10,000 Mewaris and a 100,000 strong Mughal force (including many Rajputs like Kachwahas from Dhundhar). Over the years the Mughals began to have internal disputes which took their concentration away at times. They also had to fight off Pathan warriors from neighbouring Afghanistan and the newer enemy, the British Empire which consisted of large numbers of natives whilst engaging against various other regional powers such as the Persians. The Mughal Empire eventually weakened to which several groups across their kingdom (including Sikhs) saw opportunities to establish their power whilst the army was fighting somewhere else. The Rajputs saw this as an opportunity to reassert their independence. With the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under attack by the Marathas and Pindaris, and the Maratha general Scindia captured Ajmer. The Rajput kings following a rapid defeat, concluded treaties with the British in the early 19th century, accepting British sovereignty in return for local autonomy. Following the Mughal tradition as well as its strategic location Ajmer became a province of British India, while the autonomous Rajput states, the Muslim state Tonk, and the Jat states (Bharatpur and Dholpur) were organized into the Rajputana Agency.

The Marwaris (people from Marwar) and Rajasthan's formerly independent kingdom created a rich architectural and cultural heritage, seen even today in their numerous forts and palaces (Mahals and Havelis) which are enriched by features of Muslim and Jain architecture. The development of the frescos in Rajasthan is linked with the history of the Marwaris, who have also played a crucial role in the economic development of the region. Many wealthy families throughout Indian history have links to Marwar. These families include the legendary Birla, Bhandari, Bajaj, Mittal and Mirza families.

Rajasthan GK Questions with Answers.

Rajasthan GK Questions with Answers.


1) Where is Rana Pratap Sagar power project?

ans. Rawat bhata Kota


2) Who wrote defining moments?

ans. Rajendra Shekhar

3) First private sector medical college of Rajasthan?

ans. MGNIMS (mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur)


4) State animal of rajasthan?

ans. Chinkara

5) In which district in Rajasthan, there is maximum density of people?

ans. Ajmer

6) Ghaghar river in its peak, touches which city in Northern Rajasthan?

ans. Anupgarh

7) Choti Teej is celebrated in which month?
ans. Shravan


8) Who is called gandhi of Bangad?
ans. Bholilal Pandya


9) Who was primeminister of the big Rajasthan ?

ans. Hiralal Shashtri


10) Which chinese traveller visited Bhinmal?
ans. Huenseng

11) Where did Jasnathi tribe originate ?
Ans. Bikaner


12) Where are marble statues made in maximum?

Ans. Jaipur


13) Where is JANGAL?

Bikaner

14) Where is ARBUD?

Sirohi

15) Where is UPARMAL?

Bhilwara

16) Where is GIRWA?

Udaipur

17) Where is MARWAR?

Jodhpur

18) Where is BHOMAR ?

DUNGARGARH

19) WHERE IS ACHALGARH ?

MT. ABU, SIROHI

20) Where is Bairath?

Alwar

21) Where is Jarga?

Udaipur

22) Where is Raghunathgarh?

Sikar

23) Where is Bhairach?

Alwar

If you have any other good Rajasthan GK Questions then reply here

R.A.S. Solved Model Practice Test Paper :(Zoology)

R.A.S. Solved Model Practice Test Paper
ZOOLOGY


1. Among the following foods, which is the most appropriate for a desert mammal for the regulation of its water balance ?
(a) Carbohydrate-rich cereals
(b) Oil-rich seeds
(c) Protein-rich pulses
(d) Both carbohydrate and protein-rich foods

2. Consider the following components used in electron transport system that act in a sequential manner:
1. NAD
2. Cytochrome-c
3. Cytochrome-a
4. FAD
What is the correct sequence of the above?
(a) 1—4—2—3
(b) 3-4—2—1
(c)1—2–4—3
(d) 2—1-3-4

3. A person observing prolonged fast will excrete, which one of the following in urine?
(a) Fat
(b) Amino acids
(c) Albumin
(d) Ketone bodies

4. Consider the following statements; in citric acid cycle
1. three hydride ions (hence, six electrons) are transferred to three NAD+ molecules
2. one pair of hydrogen atoms (hence, two electrons) is transferred to one NADP +molecule
3. one pair of hydrogen atoms (hence, two electrons) is transferred to one FAD molecule
4. one NADH molecule is utilized in the process
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a)1 and 2
(b)1 and 3
(c)1 and 4
(d)2 and 4

5. Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids especially cortisol and cortisone causes
(a) Addison’s disease
(b) adrenogenital syndrome
(c) Cushing’s syndrome
(d) testicular feminization

6.Kidney is involved in the synthesis of
(a) calbindin for calcium absorption
(b) calcitriol for calcium homeostasis
(c) cholecalciferol for bone formation
(d) calcitonin for phosphorus metabolism

7. Which one of the following is correct in ion exchange during
impulse conduction?
(a) Sodium pump stops working
(b) 3 Na+ are pumped in and 2K + pumped out
(c) 3 Na+ are pumped out for every 2K+ pumped in
(d) 1Na+ replaces 1 K+

8. What is the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
(a) Energy released by flow, electrons is utilized in oxidative phosphorylation for the synthesis of ATP but not in
substrate level phosphorylation
(b) ATPs are produced by oxidative phosphorylation but not by substrate level phosphorylation
(c) Substrate level phosphorylation occurs only under non-aerobic condition but not oxidative phosphorylation
(d) Oxidative phosphorylation requires more energy for synthesis of ATP than substrate level phosphorylation

9. During transmission of nerve impulse, the membrane potential inside the cell is
(a) first negative, then positive and back negative
(b) first negative, then positive and remains positive
(c) first positive, then negative and remains negative
(d) first positive, then negative and back positive

10.During phosphogluconate pathway (HMP shunt), the monosaccharides formed along with CO2 are
(a) hexoses
(b) trioses
(c) tetroses
(d) pentoses

11.Long-chain fatty acids penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane as derivatives of which one of the following?
(a) Carnitine
(b) Coenzyme-A
(c) Sialic acid
(d) Sphingosine

12. Consider the following statements:
Fibrinogen, the precursor of fibrin
1. consists of only primary structure
2. resembles fibrous proteins structurally
3. behaves like globular proteins in their solubility in aqueous
salt solutions
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a)1 and 2 only
(b)2 and 3 only
(c)1 and 3 only
(d)1,2 and 3

13. Who among the following proposed the alpha-helix structure of proteins?
(a) Crick and Watson
(b) Pauling and Corey
(c) Nirenberg and Khorana
(d) Skoog and Miller

14.Maltose is formed by which glycosidic linkage?
(a) Glucose alpha 1—4 glucose
(b) Galactose alpha 1—4 glucose
(c) Glucose ?eta 1-4 galactose
(d) Glucose ?eta 1—4 glucose

15. Consider the following:
1. Succinate dehydrogenase
2. NADH dehydrogenase
3. Cytochrome oxidase
4. Cytochrome-bc1 complex
What is the correct sequence of the above in the electron
transport chain?
(a) 2—4—1—3
(b) 2—1–4—-3
(c) 3-4—4—2
(d) 3—4—1—2

16. An allosteric inhibitor of enzyme action acts by combining with
(a) the catalytic site of the enzyme
(b) the non-catalytic site of the enzyme
(c) the substrate
(d) Both the substrate and the non-catalytic site of the enzyme

17. Which among the following are the enzymes leading to substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis?
(a) Pyruvate kinase and enolase
(b) Pyruvate kinase and phosphoglycerokinase
(c) Triose phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerokinase
(d) Phosphoglycerokinase and phosphofructokinase

18 . The glands found on the edges of eyelids and help to keep the come surface moist are called
(a) ceruminous glands
(b) Zeis glands
(c) sudorific glands
(d) Meibomian glands

19. Consider the following:
1. Diarrhoea
2. Dementia
3. Dermatitis
4. Delinquency
Pellagra is characterized by which of the above?
(a) 1,2and4
(b)1,2and3
(c)2,3and4
(d)1,3and4

20 Which one of the following statement is not correct about metamorphosis in frog?
(a) The forelimbs, which develop under cover of the opercular membrane, break through to the exterior
(b) The middle ear develops in connection with the third pharyngeal pouch
(c) The eyes protrude on the dorsal surface of the head and develop eyelids
(d) The tongue is developed from the floor of the mouth

21. Which of the following changes are involved in retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidians?
1. Increase in the number of pharyngeal stigmata.
2. Complete disappearance of tail.
3. Disappearance of the endostyle and other parts of feeding mechanism.
4. Disappearance of the eye and the otocyst.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Codes:
(a)2 and 4 only
(b) 1 and3
(c)1,2and4
(d)2,3and4

22. Consider the following developmental stages of frog:
1.Neurula
2.Blastula
3.Morula
4. Gastrula
Which of the above lack a blastopore?
(a) 1 and4
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d)2,3 and 4

23. Consider the following statements:
The upper layer of the area opaca in the blastoderm of the chick gives rise to
1.ectoderm
2. mesoderm
3. extra-embryonic endoderm
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a)1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d)1,2 and 3

24. Consider the following statements on extra-embryoniic membranes in chick:
1. Allantois has inner layer of endoderm and outer layer of splanchnic mesoderm
2. Yolk sac has an inner layer of endoderm and outer layer of splanchnic mesoderm.
3. Allantois has inner layer of splanchnic mesoderm and outer layer of endoderm.
4. Yolk sac has inner layer of splanchnic mesod6rm and outer layer of endoderm.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a)1 and 2
(b)2 and 3
(c)3 and 4
(d)1 and 4

25. Consider the following statements:
1: By examining embryos and foetal stages of a vertebrate group, it is impossible to identify the group to which they belong.
2. Structural similarities exist in embryonic and larval stages, which are not apparent in adults.
3. During the development, chick first resembles a fish, then an amphibian and later a reptile.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d)1,2 and 3

26. What is common in the scientific contributions of scientists, viz, Francesco Redi, Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur?
(a) Their studies have conclusively proved that higher forms of organisms have not evolved from viruses
(b) They have provided experimental evidences disproving the theory of spontaneous generation of organisms
(e) They have shown that viruses exhibit features of both living organisms and non-hying things
(d) They have shown that most bacteria are heterotrophic in their nutrition

27.The main contributions of Stephen J Gould to the evolutionary theory is the proposition that
(a) most evolutionary changes are principally the outcome of gradual accumulation of small inherited variations
(b) Mendelian mechanism cannot be an important element in directing evolutionary changes
(c) certain character show a sustained tendency to develop along an evolutionary line
(d) most evolutionary changes have consisted of rapid outbursts of speciation alternating with long periods during, which the individual species remained virtually unmodified

Which of the following groups of animals studied by Darwin in his visit to Galapagos led him to advance his theory of evolution?
(a) Flightless birds, giant iguana lizard and cave-dwelling fishes
(b) Finches, echidnas and cave-dwelling newts
(c) Giant land tortoises, armadillos and opossurns
(d) Finches, giant iguana lizard and giant land tortoises

28.Which of the following groups of animals studied by Darwin in his visit to Galapagos led him to advance his theory of evolution?
(a) Flightless birds, giant iguana lizard and cave-dwelling fishes
(b) Finches, echidnas and cave-dwelling newts
(c) Giant land tortoises, armadillos and opossums
(d) Finches, giant iguana lizard and giant land tortoises

29. Consider the following statements:
1. The Neanderthal man was thick- muscular, relatively short with a large nose and strong jaws.
2. The Neanderthal man inhabited sub-Saharan Africa about 50000 years ago.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c)Both I and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

30. The ancestral horse Eohippus of Eocene period shows, which one of the following adaptations in limbs for speed?
(a) 4 digits in forelimbs and 3 digits in hind-limbs
(b) 3 digits in forelimbs and 4 digits in hind-limbs
(c) 4 digits in forelimbs and 4 digits in hind-limbs
(d) 3 digits in forelimbs and 3 digits in hind-limbs

31. Which one of the following is not a fossorial adaptation?
(a) T—shaped episternum
(b) Fusion of cervical, sacral and lumbar vertebrae
(c) Keeled sternum
(d) Highly developed tactile sense

32. ‘Project Musk Deer’ was launched in 1974 in ?
(a) Dachigam national park
(b) Kedarnath national park
(c) Corbett national park
(d) Pine valley national park

33. The Gangetic dolphin belongs to the genus
(a) Platanista
(b) Pelphinus
(c) Balaenoptera
(d) Phocaena

34 Consider the following-statements:
1. The Pygmy Hog (Sus salvanius), the smallest wild pig, is an inhabitant of eastern Himalayan foothills.
2. The Mouse Deer (Tragulus meminna), a tiny ruminant, inhabits the forested areas of southern India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
(c)Both I and 2
(d) Neither I nor 2

35. The Eravikulam national park is famous for its
(a) Gaur
(b) Lion-tailed Macaqua
(c) Nilgiri Tahr
(d) Great Indian Bustard

36. Which one of the following is the most productive aquatic ecosystem?
(a) Coral reef ecosystem
(b) Estuarine ecosystem
(c) Riverine ecosystem
(d) Pond ecosystem

37.Consider the following marine organisms:
1.Ammodytes
2.Calanus
3. Clupea
4. Chaetoceros
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the food chain formed by these organisms beginning with the producer?
(a) 2—4—1—3
(b) 4—2—3—1
(c) 4—2—1—3
(d)1 –4—3—2

38. A genetically different population of a species colonizing different habitats is known as
(a) ecophene
(b) ecotype
(c) ecological equivalent
(d) ecad

39.Which one of the following is found in eastern Himalayan sub-region?
(a) Brown goral
(b) Markhor
(c) Ibex
(d) Tahr

40. In warm-humid climate many mammals, birds and insects are darkly coloured than their counterparts living in cool-dry climate. This is an example of
(a) Jordan’s rule
(b) Gloger’s rule
(c) Bergmann’s rule
(d) Allen’s rule

41. Indian wild ass comes under, which Schedule of Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972?
(a) I
(b)II
(c) III
(d) IV

42.Which one of the following kinds of substances contribute significantly in increasing the phosphate concentration during eutrophication?
(a) Detergents
(b) Disinfectants
(c) Organochlorines
(d) Synthetic polymers

43.Methaemoglobinemia is caused due to the presence of in excess of which of the following in Drinking water?
(a) Iron
(b) Nitrate
(e) Phosphate
(d) Copper

44. Which one among the following is the largest wetland?
(a) Pulicat lake
(b) Kaliveli tank
(c) Chilika lake
(d) Vedanthangal

45. Bombykol is a/an
(a) hormone
(b) parasite
(c) pheromone
(d) enzyme

46.Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) All sponges are exclusively marine
(b) Amphiblastula is a landform of certain sponges
(c) Calcareous and siliceous spicules are found in many sponges
(d) All sponges are sessile

47. With reference to coelenterates consider the following
features:
1. Polyp forms.
2. Strongly developed stomodaeum and possessing siphonoglyphs.
3. Well-developed mesoglea containing fibrous connective tissue and amoeboid cells
Which one of the following pairs of coelenterates represents the above features?
(a) Obelia and Aurelia
(b) Physalia and Vellela
(c) Polyorchis and Parpita
(d) Zooanthus and Alcyonium

48. The sting of honey bee is a modified organ of which of the following?
(a) Mandibles
(b) Labellum
(c) Ovipositor
(d) Proboscis

49. Consider the following species of prawn:
1. Penaeus indicus
2. Penaeus monodon
3. Parapenaeopsis stylifera
4. Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Which of the above is/are cultured in freshwater?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 3 only
(c) 4 only
(d)3 and 4

50. Among the following zooplanktons, which one is not a rotifer?
(a) Brachionus
(b) Asplanchna
(c) Stenocypris
(d) Lecane


:: Answers ::

1 a 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 c 6 b 7 c 8 a 9 a 10 d 11 a 12 c 13 b 14 a 15 b 16 b 17 b 18 c 19 b 20 b 21 d 22 b 23 c 24 a 25 c 26 b 27 d 28 d 29 a 30 a 31 c 32 b 33 a 34 c 35 a 36 a 37 c 38 b 39 a 40 d 41 a 42 a 43 b 44 c 45 c 46 a 47 a 48 c 49 d 50 d

How many times can we attempt RAS pre. exams??

I was informed that there is no limit for attempt you can attend exam more then 3 times ..
the RPSC will mention about it into the their guideline.
for more details visit : www.rpsc.gov.in

R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) EXAM., 2008 Political Science : Solved Paper

R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) EXAM., 2008

Political Science : Solved Paper

1. Who among the following supported ‘partyless democracy’ ?
(A) Jawaharlal Nehru
(B) Mao-Tse Tung
(C) Jayaprakash Narayan
(D) Lal Bahadur Shastri

2. Who among the following identified democracy with corruption, machine politics and gangsterism ?
(A) Pareto
(B) Laski
(C) Robert Dahl
(D) C. W. Mills

3. Who among the following is associated with the ‘Iron Law of Oligarchy’ ?
(A) Michels
(B) Mosca
(C) Mills
(D) Laski

4. Who among the following gave the concept of ‘mass mind’ ?
(A) Pareto
(B) Mosca
(C) Michels
(D) Gassef

5. A constitutional government stands for—
(A) a limited government
(B) a government run according to the provisions of the constitution
(C) a government run according to the wishes of the rulers
(D) a government run according to the wishes of the party bosses

6. Who said, “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.” ?
(A) Hobbes
(B) Locke
(C) Rousseau
(D) Marx

7. Which one of the following is the main feature of deliberative democracy ?
(A) Parliamentary sovereignty
(B) Executive supremacy
(C) Judicial autonomy
(D) People’s effective participation

8. Which one of the following is not a Political Right ?
(A) Right to vote
(B) Right to contest election
(C) Right to equality before Law
(D) Right to form a political party

9. Which one of the following is not a state ?
(A) Nepal
(B) Bhutan
(C) Tibet
(D) Iraq

10. Who said, “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.” ?
(A) Engels
(B) Marx
(C) Lenin
(D) Trotsky

11. Who among the following was a great supporter of the Divine Theory of Origin of the State ?
(A) Bentham
(B) J. S. Mill
(C) Hobbes
(D) James I

12. Marx advocated the establishment of a—
(A) Classless society
(B) Stateless society
(C) Casteless society
(D) Classless and Stateless society

13. Marx propounded the theory of class struggle mainly in—
(A) The Economic and Political Manuscript
(B) The Communist Manifesto
(C) Das Capital
(D) The Poverty of Philosophy

14. Which one of the following is not a Civil Right ?
(A) Right to life
(B) Right to speech
(C) Right to equality
(D) Right to hold public office

15. Who said, “Socialism in like a hat that has lost its shape, because everybody wears it.” ?
(A) Laski
(B) Joad
(C) Marx
(D) Gandhi

16. Which one of the following is regarded as a landmark event in the development of socialism ?
(A) The Glorious Revolution of 1688
(B) The French Revolution of 1789
(C) The American Declaration of Independence of 1776
(D) The Russian Revolution of 1917

17. Who said, “Means are after all everything. As the means, so the end; there is no walls of separation between means and ends.” ?
(A) Nehru
(B) Marx
(C) Tilak
(D) Gandhi

18. Who called Mahatma Gandhi ‘a half-naked fakir ?
(A) Stalin
(B) Nehru
(C) Roosevelt
(D) Churchill

19. Which one of the following is not a statement of Karl Marx ?
(A) The state will wither away
(B) There will be a classless and stateless society
(C) Capitalism digs its own grave
(D) Globalisation is another form of capitalism

20. Which of the following were the first two states to introduce the Panchayati Raj ?
(A) Rajasthan and Punjab
(B) Rajasthan and Bihar
(C) Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh
(D) Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh

21. Marx borrowed Dialectical Method from—
(A) Locke
(B) Rousseau
(C) Hegal
(D) Green

22. In a parliamentary form of government, ministers are appointed by—
(A) the head of the State at his discretion
(B) the head of the government
(C) the legislature
(D) the head of the state on the recommendation of the head of the government

23. Which one of the following is an essential feature of the presidential system ?
(A) Collective responsibility
(B) Fixed term
(C) Accountability to legislature
(D) Nominal head of the state

24. The Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers in a Parliamentary form of Government remain in office—
(A) so long as they enjoy the confidence of the head of the state
(B) so long as they enjoy the confidence of the voters
(C) so long as they fulfill promises made to the electorate
(D) so long as they enjoy the confidence of the popular house of the legislature

25. In a parliamentary system, the accountability of the Prime Minister to the Lower House is—
(A) direct and continuous
(B) indirect
(C) intermittent
(D) only during the sitting of the Lower Hosue

26. Bicameralism is an essential feature of—
(A) Parliamentary system
(B) Presidential system
(C) Federal system
(D) Unitary system

27. Who gave the Slogan of ‘do or die’ in 1942 ?
(A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) Lala Lajpat Rai
(D) Mahatma Gandhi

28. According to Lucian Pye, the elements of political development are—
(A) Participation, integration and industrialization
(B) Political unification, participation and national welfare
(C) Political unification, economic development and national welfare
(D) Equality, capacity and differentiation

29. Who among the following talked of ‘development trap’ ?
(A) Lucian Pye
(B) Fred Riggs
(C) Myron Weiner
(D) Edward Shils

30. The split between the moderates and the extremists of the Indian National Congress took place at the—
(A) Surat session
(B) Delhi session
(C) Calcutta session
(D) Bombay session

31. The first President of the Indian National Congress was—
(A) A. O. Hume
(B) W. C. Banerjee
(C) Surendra Nath Banerjee
(D) Madan Mohan Malviya

32. Which one of the following was not a feature of the Government of India Act, 1935 ?
(A) It abolished dyarchy in the provinces
(B) It abolished the Federal Court
(C) It introduced bicameralism
(D) It further extended the principle of communal representation

33. Who among the following is an acclaimed analyst of political parties ?
(A) Lasswell
(B) Laski
(C) Huntington
(D) Duverger

34. The Montague-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of—
(A) The Indian Councils Act, 1909
(B) The Government of India Act, 1919
(C) The Government of India Act, 1935
(D) The Indian Independence Act, 1947

35. The resolution for removing the Vice-President of India can be moved in the—
(A) Lok Sabha alone
(B) Rajya Sabha alone
(C) Either House of Parliament
(D) Joint sitting of Parliament

36. Which one of the following statements is not correct ?
(A) The President of India is elected for a term of five years
(B) He can resign his office by writing under hand addressed to the Prime Minister of India
(C) He shall not hold any office of profit
(D) He shall not be a member of any House of Parliament

37. Which one of the following statements is not correct ?
(A) Lahore session of the Congress and opted a resolution of Purna Swaraj
(B) Simon Commission was appointed in 1927
(C) Dyarchy was introduced by the 1919 Act
(D) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was elected President of the Constituent Assembly in 1946

38. Who among the following administered the Oath of Office to Jawaharlal Nehru as the first Prime Minister of India ?
(A) C. Rajagopalachari
(B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(C) Lord Mountbatten
(D) Chief Justice of Federal Court

39. Which one of the following was not a feature of the Indian Independence Act of 1947 ?
(A) It ended the British rule
(B) It provided for the partition of India
(C) It abolished the office of the Secretary of State for India
(D) It abolished the office of the Governor-General

40. Which one of the following statements is not correct ?
(A) The Union Ministers are appointed by the President of India
(B) They hold office during the pleasure of the President
(C) The President cannot appoint any one not recommended by the Prime Minister
(D) The Constitution provides for individual and collective responsibility of Ministers

41. There is a single Constitution for the Union and the States with the exception of—
(A) Nagaland
(B) Manipur
(C) Sikkim
(D) Jammu and Kashmir

42. One-third members of the Rajya Sabha retire after—
(A) two years
(B) four years
(C) five years
(D) six years

43. There were two Deputy Prime Ministers during the Prime Ministership of—
(A) Jawaharlal Nehru
(B) Morarji Desai
(C) V. P. Singh
(D) Chandrashekhar

44. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
(A) Organisation of the High Courts —Union list
(B) Police —State list
(C) Price control —Concurrent list
(D) Stock exchange —State list

45. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
(A) Article 17—Abolition of Untouchability
(B) Article 21—Protection of Life and Personal liberty
(C) Article 24—Right to elementary education
(D) Article 29—Protection of culture of minorities

46. Who among the following became the first acting President of India ?
(A) B. D. Jatti
(B) V. V. Giri
(C) M. Hidayatullah
(D) C. Rajagopalachari

47. What is the proper order of the following stages in the enactment of Budget ?
1. Voting of the demands for grants.
2. General discussion.
3. Finance Bill.
4. Appropriation Bill.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
Codes :
(A) 2, 1, 4 and 3
(B) 3, 2, 1 and 4
(C) 3, 1, 2 and 4
(D) 1, 2, 4 and 3

48. Which one of the following committees does not consist of representatives of both the Houses of Parliament ?
(A) Estimates Committee
(B) Public Accounts Committee
(C) Committee on Public Undertakings
(D) Committee on Subordinate Legislation

49. Which one of the following is not the jurisdiction of the High Court of a State ?
(A) Original jurisdiction
(B) Appellate jurisdiction
(C) Supervisory jurisdiction
(D) Advisory jurisdiction

50. Who among the following has been Chief Minister for the Longest period ?
(A) Bansilal
(B) N. D. Tiwari
(C) Sheikh Abdullah
(D) Jyoti Basu

51. Which one of the following devices calls the attention of a Minister towards a matter of public importance ?
(A) Short duration discussion
(B) Calling attention notice
(C) Half-an-hour discussion
(D) Censure motion

52. Which one of the following is not a constitutional body ?
(A) Finance Commission
(B) Election Commission
(C) Planning Commission
(D) Union Public Service Commission

53. Which one of the following Constitutional Amendments has made the advice of the Council of Ministers binding on the President ?
(A) 42nd
(B) 44th
(C) 45th
(D) 46th

54. Who among the following decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill ?
(A) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(B) The Chairman of Rajya Sabha
(C) The President of India
(D) The Minister for Parliamentary Affairs

55. Which one of the following Committees/Commissions suggested the creation of local Finance Commission ?
(A) Administrative Reforms Commission (I)
(B) Sarkaria Commission
(C) Balwantrai Mehta Committee
(D) Ashok Mehta Committee

56. Sarkaria Commission was set up for reviewing the relations between the—
(A) President and the Prime Minister
(B) Legislature and the Executive
(C) Executive and the Judiciary
(D) Centre and the States

57. The government of which Prime Minister had fallen in the Lok Sabha during debate for want of just one vote ?
(A) Morarji Desai
(B) Charan Singh
(C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(D) V. P. Singh

58. The traditional view of the scope of International Politics does not include the study of—
(A) International Law
(B) International Organisations
(C) Geo-politics
(D) Political Economy

59. Who among the following uses the terms ‘International Relations’ and ‘International Politics’ interchangeably ?
(A) Hans Morgenthau
(B) John Burton
(C) Schwarzenberger
(D) Palmer and Perkins

60. Which one of the following is not a natural element of power ?
(A) Political parties
(B) Resources
(C) Population
(D) Geography

61. Who is the exponent of Realist Theory ?
(A) Mortan Kaplan
(B) Hans Morgenthau
(C) Martin Shubik
(D) John Burton

62. Who among the following is the exponent of Game theory ?
(A) Martin Shubik
(B) Karl Deutsch
(C) Palmer and Perkins
(D) Joseph Frankel

63. Which one of the following, according to Morgenthau, is not a vital component of national interest ?
(A) Physical identity
(B) Political identity
(C) Cultural identity
(D) Individual identity

64. Which one of the following Committees has admitted the existence of a nexus between the politicians, bureaucrats and criminals ?
(A) Vohra Committee
(B) Santhanam Committee
(C) Narshimhan Committee
(D) Kripalani Committee

65. C.T.B.T. was signed in—
(A) 1994
(B) 1996
(C) 1997
(D) 1998

66. Which one of the following is not a method of peaceful settlement of disputes ?
(A) Limited arms conflict
(B) Negotiations
(C) Arbitration
(D) Mediation

67. Which one of the following is not a regional organisation ?
(A) NATO
(B) ASEAN
(C) OAU
(D) NPT

68. Which one of the following is not the concern of UNESCO ?
(A) Climate change
(B) Education
(C) Culture
(D) Science

69. The 14th SAARC summit was held at—
(A) Delhi
(B) Dhaka
(C) Beijing
(D) Colombo

70. Who was the first Foreign Minister of India ?
(A) Rafi Ahmad Kidwai
(B) Maulana Azad
(C) Sardar Sawarn Singh
(D) Jawaharlal Nehru

71. Which one of the following is not a principle of Panchsheel ?
(A) Non-aggression
(B) Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
(C) Peaceful co-existence
(D) Promotion of world peace

72. Which one of the following is not the objective of WTO ?
(A) Trade without discrimination
(B) Fair competition
(C) Price control
(D) Market access

73. Who among the following was elected as President of the UN General Assembly in 1953 ?
(A) Dr. Radhakrishnan
(B) Vijayalakshmi Pandit
(C) B. N. Chakravarty
(D) Krishna Menon

74. Which one of the following is not an element of Democratic Socialism ?
(A) Welfare state
(B) Mixed economy
(C) Social justice
(D) Revolutionary change

75. Who among the following initially mooted the policy of structural adjustments ?
(A) Third World Countries
(B) Developed Countries
(C) United States of America
(D) IMF and World Bank

76. Who among the following talked of ‘Political decay’ ?
(A) Huntington
(B) David Apter
(C) Organski
(D) Lucian Pye

77. A pressure group works for the welfare of—
(A) Weaker sections of the society
(B) All sections of the society
(C) Its members only
(D) Government employees

78. When did the Charter of the United Nations Organisation come into force ?
(A) 24 October, 1950
(B) 24 October, 1944
(C) 24 October, 1946
(D) 24 October, 1945

79. The oldest approach to the study of Political Science is—
(A) Historical approach
(B) Philosophical approach
(C) Legal approach
(D) Institutional approach

80. Who among the following defines politics in terms of ‘authoritative allocation of values’ ?
(A) Robert Dahl
(B) Laski
(C) David Easton
(D) Plato

81. “Who gets what, when and how” is the subject matter of politics.
Who among the following held the above view ?
(A) David Easton
(B) Lasswell
(C) Laski
(D) MacIver

82. Which one of the following does not pertain to Marxism ?
(A) Class struggle
(B) Surplus value
(C) Laissez faire
(D) Materialistic Interpretation of History

83. “The state originated for the bare needs of life and continues in existence for the sake of good life.” These are the words of—
(A) Plato
(B) Aristotle
(C) Laski
(D) Garner

84. The traditional view of politics is concerned with the study of—
(A) State and Government
(B) Organisations and Groups
(C) Ideologies
(D) Institutions

85. Who among the following is called the ‘Father of Political Science’ ?
(A) Socrates
(B) Plato
(C) Aristotle
(D) Machiavelli

86. “The state is prior to the individual.”
This was the view of—
(A) Plato
(B) Aristotle
(C) Garner
(D) MacIver

87. Who said that life in the nature of state was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short ?
(A) Hobbes
(B) Locke
(C) Rousseau
(D) Machiavelli

88. Who among the following supported positive liberty ?
(A) T. H. Green
(B) Karl Marx
(C) J. S. Mill
(D) H. Laski

89. Which one of the following is not a function of political parties ?
(A) Political socialization
(B) Regulation of behaviour of the people
(C) Interest articulation
(D) Interest aggregation

90. Who among the following regarded right to life, right to liberty and right to property as natural rights ?
(A) Hobbes
(B) Locke
(C) Rousseau
(D) Mill

91. Who among the following defined law as “a command given by a superior to an inferior” ?
(A) Bodin
(B) Austin
(C) Dicey
(D) Bryce

92. Who among the following held the view that equality is unnatural and undesirable ?
(A) Plato
(B) Aristotle
(C) Gandhi
(D) Laski

93. “Will, not force, is the basis of the state.” These are the words of—
(A) Aristotle
(B) Hegal
(C) Green
(D) Mill

94. Who among the following is an exponent of popular sovereignty ?
(A) Bodin
(B) Austin
(C) Hobbes
(D) Rousseau

95. Austin described the theory of sovereignty in his book—
(A) Lectures on Jurisprudence
(B) Two Treatises on Government
(C) De Republica
(D) Grammar of Politics

96. Who among the following is the author of ‘Aspects of Political Development’ ?
(A) Lucian Pye
(B) David Easton
(C) Laski
(D) David Apter

97. According to Herbert Morrison, bureaucracy is the price of—
(A) Monarchy
(B) Federalism
(C) Dictatorship
(D) Parliamentary democracy

98. The traditional home of ‘patronage bureaucracy’ has been—
(A) China
(B) U.S.A.
(C) India
(D) U.K.

99. Which one of the following is not a feature of Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy ?
(A) Hierarchy
(B) Division of work
(C) Promotion
(D) Commitment to ruler

100. Who among the following formulated the most systematic doctrine of sovereignty ?
(A) Grotius
(B) Bodin
(C) Austin
(D) Locke

Answers with Hints
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (D)
8. (C) Right to equality before law is a civil right.
9. (C) Tibet is not a state because it does not possess the sovereignty, which is the most important attribute of state. Although, it has three other attributes of state-government, population and territory.
10. (B) 11. (D) 12. (D)
13. (B) The first sentence of the Communist Manifesto, begins with “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.”
14. (D) The right to hold public office is a political right.
15. (B)
16. (D) The Russian Revolution of 1917 was organised by Lenin and was largely based on the ideas of Karl Marx. The Russian Revolution was the first successful socialist revolution in the world, which led to the establishment of the first socialist state in Russia.
17. (D) 18. (D)
19. (D) Globalisation, as a dominant tendency is a phenomenon of late 20th century. This tendency was not visible during Marx’s times.
20. (C) The Panchayati Raj was inaugurated by Jawahar Lal Nehru on 2nd Oct., 1959 at Nagaur, Rajasthan. Andhra Pradesh also organised Panchayati Raj in 1959 itself. This new pattern of Panchayati Raj was based on the recommendations of Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, 1957.
21. (C)
22. (D) India has adopted the parliamentary form of government. In India, the President is the head of the state and the Prime Minister is the head of the government.
23. (B) 24. (D) 25. (A)
26. (C) Bicameralism denotes the two chambers of the legislature. In federal system, the central legislature consists of two houses. The Upper House consists of the representatives of the states.
27. (D)
28. (D) According to Lucian Pye, the political development is the result of interaction among three elements—level of equality in general political process, capacity of the political system and level of differentiation in the structures of the system.
29. (B) The concept of ‘development trap’ was given by Fred Riggs, which refers to the imbalance between the elements of equality and capacity in the process of political development.
30. (A) 31. (B)
32. (B) The Government of India Act, 1935 did not abolish the Federal Court, but provided for the establishment of a Federal Court under the proposed Federation. However, the Federal part of the Act was never enforced. It should be noted that bicameralism at the central level was introduced by the Act of 1919, however, the Act of 1935 introduced bicameralism at provincial level.
33. (D) 34. (B) 35. (B)
36. (B) The President submits his resignation to the Vice-President and vice-versa.
37. (D) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly whereas, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of Constituent Assembly in 1946.
38. (C) 39. (C)
40. (D) According to Art 75(1), the Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. According to Article 75(2), Ministers hold office during the pleasure of the President. However, Article 75(3) provides for the collective responsibility of the Ministers, not for their individual responsibility.
41. (D) 42. (A) 43. (B) 44. (D) 45. (C)
46. (B) V. V. Giri was the first acting President from 3 May, 1969 to 20 July, 1969. Thereafter the Chief Justice of Supreme Court, M. Hidayatullah became the acting President from 20 July, 1969 to 24 August, 1969.
47. (A)
48. (A) The Estimates Committee consists of 30 members, all from Lok Sabha.
49. (D) According to Article 143, the Advisory Jurisdiction is given to the Supreme Court.
50. (D) 51. (B) 52. (C) 53. (A) 54. (A) 55. (A)
56. (D) The Sarkaria Commission was constituted in 1983 and it submitted its report on Centre-State relations in 1988.
57. (C) 58. (D) 59. (D) 60. (A) 61. (B) 62. (A) 63. (D) 64. (A) 65. (B) 66. (A)
67. (D) NPT or Non-Proliferation treaty, 1968 is a nuclear disarmamemt treaty. It is not an organisation.
68. (A)
69. (A) The 14th SAARC Summit was held on 3-4 April, 2007 and 15th Summit was held on 2-3 August, 2008 at Colombo.
70. (D) 71. (D) 72. (C) 73. (B)
74. (D) Democratic socialism believes in peaceful methods of change. It opposes revolutionary changes and violence.
75. (D) 76. (A) 77. (C) 78. (D) 79. (B) 80. (C) 81. (B)
82. (C) The idea of Laissez faire, the non-intervention of State is economic affairs, was given by Adam Smith. This idea is the core of negative liberalism.
83. (B) 84. (A) 85. (C) 86. (B) 87. (A)
88. (A) According to Green, the Liberty is the positive power of doing or enjoying something worth doing and enjoying.
89. (B) However, it should be noted that the interest articulation is also not the function of political parties in specific sense. Almond has Stated that interest articulation is the function of pressure groups.
90. (B) 91. (B)
92. (B) Aristotle did not support the idea of equality among people. In fact, he supported the system of slavery.
93. (C) 94. (D) 95. (A) 96. (A) 97. (D) 98. (B) 99. (D) 100. (C)

R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) Examination, 2008 Public Administration Solved Paper

R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) Examination, 2008
Public Administration : Solved Paper


1. Which of the following theories focuses on informal organization and participative management ?
(A) Human Relations Theory
(B) Scientific Management Theory
(C) Behavioural Theory
(D) Contingency Theory
Ans : (A)

2. “Until administrative description reaches a higher level of sophistication, there is little reason to hope that rapid progress will be made towards the identification and verification of valid administrative principles.” Who said it ?
(A) Henri Fayol
(B) Leonard White
(C) Herbert Simon
(D) Robert Dahl
Ans : (D)

3. Which of the following attempts to construct a theory of public organization in tune with consumer interests and individual preferences ?
(A) Development Administration Approach
(B) Public Choice Approach
(C) Co-optation Concept
(D) Behavioural Approach
Ans : (B)


4. Who theorized that ‘Every person has certain basic assumptions about other people’s attitude toward work and organization.’ ?
(A) Elton Mayo
(B) Frederick Herzberg
(C) Chris Argyris
(D) Douglas McGregor
Ans : (D)

5. Which of the following has been termed as the biological parent of Public Administration ?
(A) Sociology
(B) Political Science
(C) Business Administration
(D) Psychology
Ans : (B)

6. The central theme of Comparative Public Administration is—
(A) Administrative structure
(B) Bureaucracy
(C) Citizen-Administration Relations
(D) Leadership
Ans : (B)

7. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I (Theme)
(a) Job Enrichment
(b) Mechanical Study of the Process
(c) Human Dimensions
(d) Social Equity Attitude
List-II (Thinker)
1. D. Waldo
2. W. F. Willoughby
3. F. Herzberg
4. Herbert Simon
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 2 1 4
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 2 4 1
(D) 2 4 1 3
Ans : (A)

8. The most preferred perspective to distinguish public and private in administration is—
(A) Agency
(B) Interest
(C) Access
(D) Commitment
Ans : (B)

9. “Lack of courage to delegate properly and of knowledge how to do it is one of the most general causes of failure in organization.” Who said it ?
(A) Henri Fayol
(B) Lyndall Urwick
(C) Paul H. Appleby
(D) Dwight Waldo
Ans : (A)

10. Who was the Chairman of the Comparative Administration Group 1963 ?
(A) Herbert Simon
(B) Robert Dahl
(C) Fred Riggs
(D) Franc Marini
Ans : (C)

11. Politicisation of bureaucracy means—
(A) Responding to the will of the government of every complexion
(B) Sacrificing professional norms for party consideration
(C) Supporting party ideology
(D) Attending party assemblies
Ans : (B)

12. “In the past the man was first. In the future the system will be the first.” Who said it ?
(A) Frederick Taylor
(B) Peter Drucker
(C) Marshall Dimock
(D) Leonard White
Ans : (B)

13. Rensis Likert’s System I is characterised by—
(A) Supportive Leadership
(B) Low Motivation
(C) Self Regulation
(D) Openness
Ans : (B)

14. The basic premise of New Public Management is—
(A) Governments as the primary agent of all social action
(B) Large governmental bureaucracies
(C) More flexible and open governments
(D) Paternal governments
Ans : (C)

15. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Direct Authority
(b) Delegated Authority
(c) Functional Authority
(d) Personal Authority
List-II
1. Seniority
2. Unbroken line between Issuer and Acceptor
3. An Intermediate Agency between Issuer and Acceptor
4. Intrinsic by special knowledge
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 2 1 4 3
(C) 2 3 4 1
(D) 1 3 2 4
Ans : (C)

16. According to Mary Parker Follett, the principles of effective coordination are—
(a) Intellectual Ability
(b) Continuity
(c) Reciprocity
(d) Mutual Consultation
Codes :
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (a), (b) and (c)
(C) (b) and (c)
(D) (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (C)

17. Dwight Waldo in his book ‘The Administrative State’ has attacked—
(a) Notion of Unchanging Principles of Administration
(b) Human Emotions in Organization
(c) Narrowness of Values of Economy and Efficiency
(d) Inconsistencies in Methodology used in determining the principles
Codes :
(A) (a), (b) and (d)
(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b) and (c)
Ans : (C)

18. Human Relations Theory believed that the people are—
(A) Economic Men
(B) Homogeneous
(C) Heterogeneous
(D) Atomistic
Ans : (C)

19. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Substantive Coordination
(b) Internal Coordination
(c) Horizontal Coordination
(d) Procedural Coordination
List-II
1. Between Units in the same level
2. Between different units within the organisation
3. Generalised description of the behaviour and relationship of the members of the organization
4. Content of the organization’s activities
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 4 2 1 3
(B) 1 4 2 3
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 2 1 3 4
Ans : (A)

20. The linking process for interaction under systems approach does not include—
(A) Communication
(B) Delegation
(C) Balance
(D) Decision Making
Ans : (B)

21. “Work division is the foundation of organization, indeed, the reason for organization.” Who said it ?
(A) Frederick Taylor
(B) Henri Fayol
(C) Luther Gulick
(D) Mary Parker Follett
Ans : (C)

22. The semantic barrier to communication is not—
(A) Environment
(B) Distracting Noise
(C) Distance
(D) Poor Listening Habits
Ans : (C)

23. The Bills which can be introduced but cannot be considered without the prior recommendation of the President is—
(A) Money Bills under Article 110
(B) Financial Bills not consisting solely of matters specified in Article 110
(C) Ordinary Bills involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund
(D) Bills affecting taxes in which States are interested
Ans : (C)

24. New Public Administration shares this feature with Development Administration—
(A) Effective coordination
(B) Change orientation
(C) Temporal Dimension
(D) Ecological Perspective
Ans : (B)

25. “As long as the study of Public Administration is not comparative, claims for a science of Public Administration is rather hollow.” Who said it ?
(A) Fred Riggs
(B) Max Weber
(C) Robert Dahl
(D) Ferrel Heady
Ans : (C)

26. In Britain the ‘Priestly formula’ relates to—
(A) Recruitment
(B) Promotion
(C) Pay
(D) Disciplinary Action
Ans : (B)

27. Whitley Council in UK is not a forum for—
(A) Discussion and Negotiation
(B) Ventilation of Grievances
(C) Settlement of Disputes on Service Conditions
(D) Settlement of Individual cases relating to Promotion & Disciplinary Action
Ans : (D)

28. “Neutral bureaucracy can be found only in a secular political culture.” Who said it ?
(A) M. E. Dimock
(B) Glenn Stahl
(C) G. A. Almond
(D) Max Weber
Ans : (C)

29. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I (Concept)
(a) Monte Carlo
(b) Gambler
(c) Synetics
(d) Contract
List-II (Meaning)
1. Generation of Alternative Solutions
2. Narrow Form of Simulation
3. Formal Basis of Authority
4. To take Greater Risk
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 1 4 2 3
(D) 4 1 3 2
Ans : (C)

30. The most effective means of citizens’ control over administration is—
(A) Elections
(B) Pressure Groups
(C) Advisory Committees
(D) Public Opinion
Ans : (A)

31. The U.S. President’s principal staff agency in fiscal, legislative and administrative management is—
(A) Bureau of the Budget
(B) The Office of Management and Budget
(C) Department of the Treasury
(D) White House Office
Ans : (B)

32. Which of the following is not a feature of U.S. personnel system ?
(A) Competitive Service
(B) Lateral Entry
(C) Post-entry Training
(D) Rule of Three
Ans : (B)

33. Grants from Centre to the States are regulated by the following Articles of the Constitution—
(A) 268, 269, 270, 272
(B) 270, 271, 274
(C) 273, 275, 282
(D) 275, 282, 287
Ans : (A)

34. The expectancy theory of motivation depends upon the employee’s perception of the relationship between—
(A) Need, Performance and Achievement
(B) Effort, Performance and Reward
(C) Desire, Performance and Response
(D) Preference, Performance and Action
Ans : (B)

35. Who referred the interaction between politicians and administrators as ‘administrative politics’ ?
(A) Michael Murray
(B) Michael Crozier
(C) David Rosenblom
(D) Peter Self
Ans : (D)

36. The techniques applied in performance appraisal in U.S.A. are—
(a) Rating Scale
(b) Critical Incidents
(c) Forced choice
(d) Forced Distribution
Codes :
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (b) and (c)
(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (D)

37. The political rights granted to the Civil Servants in France are—
(a) Right to become member of a political party
(b) Right to participate in political activities
(c) Right to criticise government’s policies
(d) Right to contest elections to any representative office
Codes :
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (a), (b) and (d)
(C) (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (D)

38. The functions performed by the then Secretary to the Governor-General before Independence are now performed by—
(A) Chief Secretary
(B) Cabinet Secretariat
(C) Prime Minister’s Office
(D) Ministry of Home Affairs
Ans : (C)

39. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Economic Man
(b) Decision Tree
(c) Link Pin Concept
(d) Simulation
List-II
1. Trial and Error Approach to Complex Problems
2. Subordinate becomes a Member of the Superior’s Decision Unit
3. Optimum Decision
4. Graphic Method to see Alternative Solutions
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 4 2 1
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 1 3 4 2
Ans : (A)

40. In USA the authority to regulate the formation and dissolution of Federal Departments is vested in—
(A) President
(B) Congress
(C) Constitution
(D) President in consultation with the Secretary of State
Ans : (B)

41. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Zone of Acceptance
(b) Zone of Indifference
(c) Span of Attention
(d) Scalar chain
List-II
1. Graicunas
2. Henri Fayol
3. Herbert Simon
4. Chester Barnard
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 2 3 4 1
(B) 3 4 1 2
(C) 4 3 2 1
(D) 3 2 1 4
Ans : (B)

42. Which of the following, according to Bruce Stone, is not a ‘Bottom-Up’ concept of accountability ?
(A) Parliamentary control
(B) Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Review
(C) Constituency Relationship
(D) Market
Ans : (B)

43. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Civil Service Commission
(b) Recruitment by Promotion
(c) Open Competition
(d) Centralised Recruitment
List-II
1. 1917
2. 1926
3. 1919
4. 1833
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 2 3 1 4
(B) 2 1 4 3
(C) 3 1 2 4
(D) 4 3 1 2
Ans : (B)

44. The concept of Citizens’ Charter as a means to greater accountability and openness was first introduced in 1991 in—
(A) USA
(B) U.K.
(C) France
(D) India
Ans : (B)

45. Which of the following is not an informal training type ?
(A) Training by Communication
(B) Conference Method
(C) Departmental Training
(D) Syndicate Method
Ans : (D)

46. A grant for meeting an unexpected demand is called—
(A) Supplementary Grant
(B) Votes on Account
(C) Votes on Credit
(D) Exceptional Grant
Ans : (D)

47. “Budget is a document which is unstitched and reassembled by the Appropriation Committees of both the Houses.” This statement of Aaron Wildrasky applies to the budget of—
(A) United States of America
(B) United Kingdom
(C) France
(D) India
Ans : (A)

48. The best check on bureaucratic power, according to Weber, lies with—
(A) Powerful Private Groups
(B) Strong Bureaucratic leadership
(C) Strong Parliament
(D) Superior Technical Knowledge of the Chief Executive
Ans : (D)

49. ‘If a society is not at all differentiated, if there are no specialists, if everyone can do everything.’ Riggs calls it a—
(A) Society
(B) Prismatic Society
(C) Diffracted Society
(D) Transitional Society
Ans : (B)

50. Which one is not correctly matched ?
(A) Compromiser—poor decision maker
(B) Executive—good motivator
(C) Bureaucrat—control of situation by rules
(D) Developer—interest in harmony, avoids conflicts
Ans : (B)

51. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I (Books)
(a) The New Science of Management decision
(b) Organization and Innovation
(c) The Achieving Society
(d) Eupsychian Management
List-II (Author)
1. David McClelland
2. Abraham Maslow
3. Chris Argyris
4. Herbert Simon
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 4 3 1 2
(D) 4 2 3 1
Ans : (C)

52. ‘The bureaucracy is a circle, which no one can escape, its hierarchy is a hierarchy of knowledge.’ Who said it ?
(A) Max Weber
(B) Karl Marx
(C) Blau and Scott
(D) T. Parsons
Ans : (B)

53. Which of the following is an area of Planning Commission ?
(A) Review of the Union and State Finances
(B) Maintaining Macro-economic Stability
(C) Public and Foreign Loans
(D) Suggesting Ways and Means to Restructure Public Finance
Ans : (A)

54. The advantages of a departmental undertaking are—
(a) Optimum Utilisation of Financial Resources
(b) Operational Flexibility
(c) High Degree of Accountability
(d) Autonomy in working
Codes :
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (a) and (c)
(C) (a), (b) and (d)
(D) (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (B)

55. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Endo-prismatic
(b) Exo-prismatic
(c) Ortho prismatic
(d) Diffracted
List-II
1. Semi differentiated and malintegrated
2. Congruence of aspiration and reality
3. Impetus from outside
4. Internally generated movement towards diffraction
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 2 4 1
(B) 4 3 1 2
(C) 2 4 3 1
(D) 1 2 3 4
Ans : (B)

56. The authority which can make rules for the transaction of the business of the Government of India is—
(A) President
(B) Prime Minister
(C) Parliament
(D) Ministry of Home Affairs
Ans : (A)

57. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I (Concept)
(a) Knowledge Worker
(b) Domination by Organization personality
(c) Action-centred Leadership Theory
(d) Organization as Bureaucracy
List-II (Thinkers)
1. John Adair
2. Max Weber
3. Chester Barnard
4. Peter Drucker
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 1 3 2 4
(C) 4 3 1 2
(D) 4 3 2 1
Ans : (C)

58. ‘No money shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund except under appropriation made by law.’ This has been provided in—
(A) Article 110
(B) Article 112
(C) Article 113
(D) Article 114
Ans : (D)

59. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) All India Services
(b) Classification of Civil Services
(c) Regulation of Recruitment and Conditions of Service
(d) General Policies Regarding all Central Services
List-II
1. Parliamentary Act
2. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
3. Article 312
4. Civil Service Rules 1930
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 3 4 1 2
(C) 3 2 4 1
(D) 1 2 4 3
Ans : (B)

60. “Increasing efficiency must begin with those higher ups. This is the essence of scientific management.” Who said it ?
(A) Woodrow Wilson
(B) Louis Brandis
(C) Frederick Taylor
(D) Harrington Emerson
Ans : (D)

61. The conditions necessary to ensure that neutrality does not lead to a state of inertia and status-quo maintenance are—
(a) cultural or class congruence between Ruling group and Administrative elite
(b) absence of fundamental disagreement over social core values
(c) active participation in political process
(d) a shared belief system’s presence
Codes :
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (a), (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (b) and (c)
(D) (a), (b) and (d)
Ans : (D)

62. Rigg’s concept of development considers penetration as a factor of integration. Consider the following—
(a) The ability of the government to make and carry out decisions.
(b) People’s receptivity to law
(c) People’s will to participate
(d) People’s ability to participate
Which of the above is correct regarding penetration ?
Codes :
(A) (a)
(B) (b) and (d)
(C) (c)
(D) (c) and (d)
Ans : (A)

63. Who recommended that the National Development Council should be given a constitutional status under Article 263 and renamed as National Economic and Development Council ?
(A) Administrative Reforms Commission
(B) Sarkaria Commission
(C) P. J. Rajamannar Committee
(D) Chief Secretary’s Conference
Ans : (B)

64. What falls within the purview of consultation of Union Public Service Commission ?
(a) Direct Appointment
(b) Promotion and Transfer
(c) Pay and Service Conditions
(d) Classification and Training
Codes :
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (b) and (c)
(C) (a), (b) and (c)
(D) (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (A)

65. In a State the Chief Secretary acts as—
(a) Principal Adviser to the Governor
(b) Coordinating link in inter-State Disputes
(c) Secretary to the Chief Minister
(d) Chairman of all Planning and Development Coordination Committees
Codes :
(A) (a) and (c)
(B) (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (b) and (c)
(D) (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (B)

66. Which of the following provided for the appointment of the same person as Governor of two or more States ?
(A) Article 153
(B) Article 155
(C) 7th Constitutional Amendment
(D) 11th Constitutional Amendment
Ans : (C)

67. Audit of State Government Accounts is a—
(A) State Subject
(B) Union Subject
(C) Subject on Concurrent List
(D) Subject of Fiscal Policy
Ans : (B)

68. The body that examines the expenditure of the Departments and questions the propriety of these expenditures is—
(A) Public Accounts Committee
(B) Estimate Committee
(C) Comptroller and Auditor General
(D) Committee on Assurances
Ans : (C)

69. Reappropriation is permissible only—
(A) Between voted and charged items of expenditure
(B) Between different grants voted by the Lok Sabha
(C) Within the same grant only
(D) To meet any expenditure not already sanctioned by the Lok Sabha
Ans : (C)

70. It is a comprehensive account of the receipts and expenditure of the Government under various heads and sub-heads of the Budget—
(A) The Appropriation Account
(B) The Finance Account
(C) Economic Classification of the Budget
(D) Functional Classification of the Budget
Ans : (B)

71. Which of the following statements are true about Lokayukta in Rajasthan ?
(a) He is appointed by the Governor and is responsible to the legislature.
(b) His jurisdiction spans over Ministers, Members of State Legislature and higher Civil Servants.
(c) He considers the cases of corruption and mal administration.
(d) His job is confined to investigate allegations and not grievances.
Codes :
(A) (a) and (d)
(B) (a), (b) and (c)
(C) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
(D) (a) and (c)
Ans : (D)

72. Among the critical dimensions of the leadership situation the most important dimension, according to Fiedler, is—
(A) Position Power
(B) Task Structure
(C) Leader-Member Relations
(D) Least Preferred Co-worker
Ans : (D)

73. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Citizen’s Charter
(b) Right to Information
(c) Judicial Control
(d) Legislative Control
List-II
1. Total Quality Approach
2. Accountability for Decision
3. Transparency
4. Guarantee against Arbitrariness
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 4 1 2
(B) 1 2 3 4
(C) 3 1 2 4
(D) 1 3 4 2
Ans : (D)

74. Which one of the following is not a function of the Directorate ?
(A) Formulation of the Budget of the Department
(B) Inspection of the execution of work by Field Officers
(C) Rendering technical advice to the Minister/Secretary
(D) Coordination of interdepartmental functions
Ans : (A)

75. Which of the following is not correctly matched ?
(A) Injunction—Strong arm of equity
(B) Quo Warranto—Prevents illegal assumption of Public Office
(C) Prohibition—Issued against administrative authorities
(D) Habeas Corpus—The bulwark of individual liberty.
Ans : (C)

76. The recommendation to the Union Government for the grant of financial assistance to the States is made by—
(a) The President
(b) The Comptroller and Auditor General of India
(c) The Finance Commission
(d) The Planning Commission
Codes :
(A) (a) and (c)
(B) (b) and (c)
(C) (c) and (d)
(D) (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (C)

77. “It transforms the representative democracy into participatory democracy.” This statement has a reference to—
(A) Parliamentary System of the Government
(B) Article 40 of the Constitution
(C) 73rd Constitutional Amendment
(D) 74th Constitutional Amendment
Ans : (C)

78. Which of the following is not a corporation form ?
(A) Unit Trust of India
(B) Indian Oil Corporation
(C) Food Corporation of India
(D) State Bank of India
Ans : (B)

79. Which of the following statements are correct about the National Development Council ?
(a) It symbolises a federal approach to planning.
(b) It was set up by a proposal of the Cabinet Secretariat in August 1952.
(c) It was reconstituted in 1968 on the recommendation of the Administrative Reforms Commission.
(d) The initiative to convene its meeting lies with the Planning Commission.
Codes :
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (a), (b) and (c)
(C) (a), (b) and (d)
(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (C)

80. For which form of Public Enterprise it is said that “It is a child of the State which grows into maturity as soon as it is born” ?
(A) Departmental Form
(B) Company Form
(C) Corporation Form
(D) Commission Form
Ans : (C)

81. Voluntary provisions of 73rd Constitutional Amendment include—
(A) Three Tier Panchayati Raj Institutions
(B) Reservation for Backward Classes
(C) Reservation for Women up to 1/3 seats
(D) Five Year term for PRIs
Ans : (B)

82. Which of the following is the Central Personnel Agency in India ?
(A) Union Public Service Commission
(B) Ministry of Home Affairs
(C) Department of Personnel and Training
(D) Staff Selection Board
Ans : (C)

83. An urban body in the modern sense was first established in the year—
(A) 1660
(B) 1687
(C) 1951
(D) 1992
Ans : (B)

84. It is not created by an act of State or Union Legislature—
(A) Municipal Corporation
(B) Notified Area Committee
(C) Town Area Committee
(D) Cantonment Board
Ans : (B)

85. The Central Council of Local Government—
(a) is an advisory body.
(b) is constituted under Article 263
(c) Consists of Union Minister for Urban Development and State Ministers for Local Self Government
(d) Controls the Central financial assistance to local bodies
Codes :
(A) (a) and (c)
(B) (b) and (d)
(C) (a), (b) and (c)
(D) (b), (c) and (d)
Ans : (C)

86. The Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Panchayats in India are mentioned in the Article—
(A) 243 B
(B) 243 D
(C) 243 G
(D) 243 W
Ans : (C)

87. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer :
List-I
(a) Miniature District
(b) King-pin of Revenue Administration
(c) Unit for Revenue and Criminal Administration
(d) First Line Supervisor in the chain of Revenue Administration
List-II
1. Sub Division
2. Kanungo
3. Tehsil
4. Patwari
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 1 4 3 2
(C) 3 2 4 1
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans : (D)

88. Gram Sabha has been called “Embodiment of Direct Democracy” by—
(A) Balwantray Mehta Committee
(B) Ashok Mehta Committee
(C) G. V. K. Rao Committee
(D) L. M. Singhvi Committee
Ans : (D)

89. The transitional area, smaller urban area, larger urban area are differentiated on the basis of—
(a) population and its density
(b) level of per capita income
(c) revenue generated for local administration
(d) percentage of employment in non-agricultural activities
Codes :
(A) (a) and (c)
(B) (a), (b) and (c)
(C) (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (c) and (d)
Ans : (D)

90. With the advent of development administration, the Collector has emerged as—
(A) Symbol of State Power
(B) Head of General Administration
(C) Coordinator of Development Programmes
(D) Executive Head of Development Programmes
Ans : (C)

Directions—(Q. 91–100) The following consist of two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these questions using the codes given below—
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

91. Assertion (A) : The study of Public Administration lacks cross cultural concepts and principles for being able to be recognised as science.
Reason (R) : Administrative culture cannot transcend the national frontiers and national experiences.
Ans : (C)

92. Assertion (A) : The Contingency approach and the Transactional approach, both are mutually complementary and quite interrelated.
Reason (R) : Unlike the Contingency models, which concentrate only on the problems confronting the leader in dealing with a small group, Transactional approaches also analyse the leader’s subordinates and the problems confronting them.
Ans : (B)

93. Assertion (A) : Like any social science, Public Administration has its own corpus of methodologies.
Reason (R) : Public Administrationists are aware that the central methodologies of the ‘mother discipline’ usually are irrelevant of practising Public Administration.
Ans : (A)

94. Assertion (A) : The Human Relations Theory focuses on management as a web of interpersonal relations.
Reason (R) : Richard Franke and James Kaul concluded that the human relations were not the reason behind worker’s efficiency.
Ans : (C)

95. Assertion (A) : The Government has no power to regulate, through an appropriate legislation, the recruitment to civil services.
Reason (R) : The Constitution provides for the establishment of an impartial and independent Union Public Service Commission for recruiting civil servants in India.
Ans : (D)

96. Assertion (A) : In the open model, what is good for the individual is also good for the society.
Reason (R) : Open model of organization, like the closed model, is an ideal type.
Ans : (B)

97. Assertion (A) : Individuals and organizations over invest in information.
Reason (R) : Information intensive decisions have a greater organizational acceptance and smoother implementation.
Ans : (A)

98. Assertion (A) : The first principle of democratic governance is that the rulers should be accountable to the people.
Reason (R) : Transparency and accountability in governance depend on citizens easy access to reliable information and data.
Ans : (B)

99. Assertion (A) : The ‘disadvantaged’ states perceive that they have been punished for the better performance, whereas the ‘laggard’ states continue to be rewarded.
Reason (R) : The Finance Commission has the constitutional responsibility to provide succour to the underdeveloped States.
Ans : (B)

100. Assertion (A) : The bureaucracy and the political leadership can achieve the goals by working closely and harmoniously.
Reason (R) : If political leadership represents the input functions of a political system, the output function is performed by the administration.
Ans : (A)